Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by significant shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels, leading to periods of extreme emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood episodes can affect a person's ability to function and lead a stable life.

Key Features

  1. Manic Episodes:

    • Periods of excessively elevated mood, energy, and activity.

    • Symptoms include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, increased talkativeness, distractibility, and engaging in risky behaviors.

    • In severe cases, mania may include psychosis (hallucinations or delusions).

  2. Hypomanic Episodes:

    • Less severe than mania but still involve elevated mood and activity.

    • Symptoms are noticeable but may not significantly impair daily functioning.

  3. Depressive Episodes:

    • Periods of persistent low mood, fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, suicidal thoughts or behavior.

  4. Mixed Episodes:

    • Symptoms of both mania and depression occur simultaneously or in quick succession, causing emotional distress and confusion.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

  1. Bipolar I Disorder:

    • Defined by at least one manic episode lasting at least seven days or requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes often occur as well.

  2. Bipolar II Disorder:

    • Characterized by hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes, but without full-blown manic episodes.

  3. Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia):

    • Involves periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that are less severe and do not meet the criteria for full episodes.

  4. Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar Disorders:

    • For cases that don’t fit into the above categories but still involve significant mood dysregulation.

Causes

The exact causes of bipolar disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve:

  • Genetic Factors: A family history of bipolar disorder increases the risk.

  • Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

  • Environmental Triggers: Stress, trauma, or significant life changes may contribute to the onset of episodes.

Treatment

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition but can be managed effectively with a combination of:

  1. Medication:

    • Mood stabilisers.

    • Antipsychotics and antidepressants.

  2. Psychotherapy:

    • Talk therapy.

    • Family-focused therapy.

    • Psychoeducation to help manage symptoms and recognise triggers.

  3. Lifestyle Changes:

    • Regular sleep patterns, stress management, and avoiding alcohol or drugs.

  4. Support Systems:

    • Peer support groups and counseling.

If you suspect that you or someone you know is showing the symptoms of Bipolar Disorder, seeking a comprehensive evaluation is the best first step. They can help confirm the diagnosis and develop a tailored treatment plan. The Soke offers assessment and treatment pathways for both adults and children, in our Chelsea and Wimbledon sites. Please contact our Client Services team to discuss your symptoms - or the symptoms of your loved one - so that they can guide you towards the most appropriate solution to suit your particular circumstances. They can also be reached on 020 7139 5051.