Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a serious eating disorder characterized by a persistent avoidance or restriction of certain foods, leading to significant nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, or interference with daily functioning. Unlike other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, ARFID does not involve concerns about body weight or shape.

Key Characteristics of ARFID

  1. Food Avoidance or Restriction:

    • Refusal to eat certain foods due to their sensory characteristics (e.g., taste, texture, smell, appearance).

    • Limited variety in the diet, often to the point of only eating a few specific foods.

    • Avoidance of eating due to fear of negative consequences, such as choking, vomiting, or allergic reactions.

  2. Significant Impact:

    • Inadequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss, failure to gain weight, or nutritional deficiencies.

    • Dependence on nutritional supplements or tube feeding to meet dietary needs.

    • Impaired social or occupational functioning due to difficulties eating in public or social settings.

  3. Not Attributable to Other Conditions:

    • ARFID is not explained by a lack of available food or cultural practices.

    • It is not caused by body image concerns or a desire to lose weight.

Risk Factors and Causes

  • Biological Factors: Sensory sensitivity, a history of picky eating, or difficulty with digestion.

  • Psychological Factors: Anxiety disorders, fear of adverse food-related experiences, or trauma.

  • Developmental or Social Factors: Autism spectrum disorder or other conditions that influence sensory processing or eating behavior.

Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnosis: Conducted by a medical or mental health professional.

  • Treatment:

    • Therapy: Talk therapy to address fear or anxiety related to food.

    • Nutritional Support: Working with a dietitian to ensure nutritional needs are met.

    • Family Involvement: Especially for children and adolescents, family-based therapy can help improve eating habits in a supportive environment.

ARFID can occur in individuals of all ages and genders, but it is more commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Early intervention is critical to prevent long-term complications.

If you suspect that you or someone you know has ARFID, seeking a comprehensive evaluation is the best first step. It can help to confirm the diagnosis and develop a tailored treatment plan. The Soke offers assessment and treatment pathways for both adults and children, in our Chelsea and Wimbledon sites. We also provide support and training for individuals, families, schools and organisations who want to better manage the relationship with the diagnosed individual. Please contact our Client Services team to discuss your symptoms - or the symptoms of your loved one - so that they can guide you towards the most appropriate solution to suit your particular circumstances. They can also be reached on 020 7139 5051.